Torii Gates: Symbols of Tradition and Martial Arts

In December 2024, five PMA FILKENJUTSU students completed a rigorous three-day test to earn their Black Belts. Among them was Zak Beach, who submitted the following paper as part of his testing process.

Zak and his family began training at PMA eight years ago. Like many adults in martial arts, Zak faced challenges that disrupted his training routine, including injuries, work travel, raising two kids, and even relocating away from the area for a couple of years. So, what was his secret to success? Simply put: he kept coming back.

As part of his black belt candidacy, Zak handcrafted a custom torii gate for the dojo and wrote an insightful paper on the history of torii gates and their connection to martial arts. Enjoy his work and come see the new tori gate at PMA Oak Ridge!

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Torii gates stand as icons of Japan, marking the entrances to religious shrines across the country. Their sweeping lines, character, and often red color welcome visitors to sacred locations. A representation of Japanese culture, the torii not only denotes places of religious significance but places of harmony, purification, and focus.

The previous tori gate at PMA Oak Ridge.

The origins of the torii are lost to time but are rooted deep in Asian tradition at their core. While there are influences from ancient Chinese and Indian architecture, they have become a distinctly Japanese symbol over time. Numerous torii designs have existed over the centuries, evolving from simple wooden posts to highly ornate structures, reflecting changes in architectural techniques and aesthetic preferences. These concepts have coalesced to one of the most commonly seen styles today, Myōjin. This style is believed to have become the standard during the Edo period (1603-1868) (Yokoyama & Matsumoto, 2010) and is present in many aspects of today’s culture.

The etymology of “Torii” is rooted in the Japanese language, combining “tori” which means “bird” with “i” which means “reside” or “dwell.” This is of great significance as birds represent good fortune, prosperity, and an overall sense of peace and harmony. Having a bird dwell in one’s presence is seen as bringing these tenets to bear. The combination of these two words and the imagery invoked align with the gate’s role as a marker of revered space.

Zak after his promotion to Orange/Purple in FILKENJUTSU Kenpo, the last of the fundamental ranks. You can see the tori gate from our previous location in Oak Ridge.

The structure itself, often made of wood, with traditional twin upright pillars and dual crossbeams, signifies the transition from the secular to the hallowed, inviting one to enter a space of spiritual significance. As one steps through the gate, they separate from their daily lives and purify themselves for focus and meditation. It is tradition to bow slightly when walking through a torii in recognition of respect owed to the space and the deities represented, serving to focus one’s intentions for the task ahead.

In Japan, torii are strongly connected to the Shinto religion. Shinto is of deep importance to the martial arts community, as it contributed to the origins of many forms, including the Samurai, sumo, karate, judo, and jujitsu. The purification practices of the Shinto religion and the concept “life force”, or “ki”, are carried forward to today’s modern methods. This connection to the Shinto Japanese roots is prominent in many dojos around the world, with the presence of a Japanese torii or Shinto shrine included in a place of prominence.

Zak hand crafted a new tori gate for the Oak Ridge dojo during his Black Belt candidacy!

It should be no surprise that Shinto influences Filkenjutsu. With key core competencies being in Kenpo and Jujitsu, ki is part of both practices. In Japanese culture, this vital essence is believed to flow through all things, and its cultivation and manipulation form the basis of many techniques. Kenpo often emphasizes striking techniques, and the concept of ki is often associated with the focus and power behind strikes. Practitioners of Kenpo may visualize their ki flowing through their body and out through their strikes. In Jujitsu, with its focus on grappling and throwing techniques, practitioners may visualize ki flowing through movements, particularly in the idea of blending with an opponent's energy. In both cases, it is thought that the flow of strikes and movement allows energy to flow through a person, much like a spiritual flow of energy through a torii gate (Mol, 2001).

Purification rituals, central to Shinto practice, are also central to the martial arts. Many martial art practitioners perform brief purification ceremonies before entering the dojo or stepping onto the mat. These rituals echo the act of passing through a torii gate and entering a sacred space (Inoue, 2003). This is seen at PMA in modern Filkenjutsu as practitioners enter the center of the dojo, passing under a torii. In addition, as they step onto the mat, students bow in respect. At the start of training, it is traditional to perform the bowing in and meditation ceremony, preparing ourselves to focus on our training.

The influence of torii gates extends into the physical design of training spaces as well, which can be seen throughout Japan. Many traditional Kenpo and Jujitsu schools are located near or within Shinto shrines, with practitioners regularly passing through torii gates as part of their training routine (Nelson, 2000). Practitioners have described the moment of passing through the dojo entrance as "crossing a personal torii," highlighting the internalization of this powerful image. Some Kenpo schools have even incorporated stylized torii gates into their emblems or logos, visually connecting their art to its spiritual roots. At PMA, this tradition is seen with the torii placed central to the dojo.

The symbolism is further extended in places with multiple torii. Multiple thresholds between realms lead naturally to metaphorical applications in Kenpo and Jujitsu philosophy. The concept of passing through gates is often used to describe the progression of a martial artist through various levels of skill and understanding, with each gate representing a deeper level, similar to obtaining a belt rank. The final gate represents mastery of the art, reserved for the highest belt of the system. For Filkenjutsu, this would be represented by the golden belt awarded to SiJo Bruce Corrigan as the founder and master of the system.

The metaphorical usage of torii also aligns closely with the concept of shu-ha-ri, a principle common to many Japanese arts, including Kenpo and Jujitsu. Shu-ha-ri describes the stages of learning, from rigid adherence to form (shu), through breaking with tradition (ha), to transcendence and innovation (ri) (Ueshiba, 1984). This methodology is paralleled in the art of Filkenjutsu as taught by Progressive Martial Arts, which honors the rigid traditions of previous arts, combines in nontraditional ways, and evolves their techniques over time.

For myself as a student of Filkenjutsu, there is additional meaning in the torii and how one is made. Torii are typically constructed with local materials at hand, carved, and refined. This is the same methodology in training of Filkenjutsu. White belts begin unsure of themselves, raw in their movements, rough on the edges, and unclear of the future. As we train, we become sure of our movements, carving out the martial artist within. This training requires commitment and focus. It’s hard work that sheds our uncertainties and allows the martial artist within to emerge.

As the journey continues, SiFu sees the martial artist within develop to where we reach an inflection point, where we are selected and ultimately choose to become a black belt. Obtaining a black belt takes commitment not only to ourselves, but to the family of Filkenjutsu. This trial by fire epitomizes one pinnacle in the journey of Filkenjutsu. While difficult, we emerge hardened, ready for what is ahead. By the end of this trial, we are black belts, with our flaws and all. Underneath our black belt exterior, our white belt peaks through as a testament to our humble beginnings. Obtaining a black belt is not the end, but the beginning of the real journey. Like a torii, the black belt stands tall; we are always learning, humble, and steadfast in the face of adversity.

FILKENJUTSU Black Belt Class of 2024

Torii Coming December 2024

In an age of increasing secularization and globalization, the enduring relevance of torii serves as a reminder of the deep cultural roots that continue to nourish these living traditions. By understanding and appreciating this connection, practitioners and scholars alike can gain a richer, more nuanced understanding of these Japanese martial arts and their place within the broader context of Japanese culture (Sharf, 1998). As modern practitioners of Filkenjutsu continue to pass through both literal and metaphorical torii gates in our training, we participate in a centuries-old tradition that bridges the gap between the sacred and the martial. We use this passage to bring focus to our practice, concentrating on the flow of our energy, as we strive for perseverance and self-control with peace as our goal.

Zak and his SiFu

References

1. Inoue, N. (2003). The Formation of Martial Arts in Japan: A Sociological Perspective. International Journal of the History of Sport, 20(4), 143-156.

2. Mol, S. (2001). Classical Fighting Arts of Japan: A Complete Guide to Koryu Jujutsu. Kodansha International.

3. Nelson, J. K. (2000). Enduring Identities: The Guise of Shinto in Contemporary Japan. University of Hawaii Press.

4. Sharf, R. H. (1998). Experience. In M. C. Taylor (Ed.), Critical Terms for Religious Studies (pp. 94-116). University of Chicago Press.

5. Ueshiba, K. (1984). The Spirit of Aikido. Kodansha International.

6. Yamakage, M. (2006). The Essence of Shinto: Japan's Spiritual Heart. Kodansha International.

7. Yokoyama, T., & Matsumoto, K. (2010). Shinto and Japanese Culture. Association of Shinto Shrines.

8. Wikipedia, October 2024, Torii - Wikipedia.

9. 6 Coolest Shrines with Hundreds of Torii Gates in Japan | Japan Wonder Travel Blog.

The Importance of Challenging Yourself

In December 2024, five PMA FILKENJUTSU students completed a rigorous three-day test to earn their Black Belts. Among them was Maggie Fox, who submitted the following paper as part of her testing process.

Maggie began her training at PMA at just six years old and has since achieved remarkable milestones. She is now a FILKENJUTSU Black Belt, a Jiu Jitsu Purple Belt, a certified PMA Instructor, and a successful competitor and coach on our competition team. Maggie is an integral part of the PMA community, leading kids' classes daily and training diligently in the adult program. Enjoy!

“The goal of martial arts is to affect the mind and spirit, not just the body.”

— Gichin Funakoshi

White Belt Maggie at Age 6

I began my martial arts journey with PMA shortly before I turned six years old. I grew up in the FILKENJUTSU program, and without a doubt, I would not be who I am today without PMA. At PMA, we always say martial arts is about self-defense and self-perfection. I can not emphasize how true this is. I have not only learned to defend myself and those around me, but I have also learned how to become someone I’m proud of, how to keep going when things are hard, and how to carry myself with confidence. One aspect of self-perfection has strongly impacted me and applied to other areas of my life. That is the importance of doing hard things. By being pushed to my physical and mental limits, I have learned how to push myself, what I am capable of, and the benefits of these two things. 

Maggie with her brothers after their first belt test. December 2012

My martial arts journey has taught me the benefits of self-motivation, especially motivation to do challenging things. Over and over throughout my training, I have been pushed to keep going when I was sure I couldn't do anymore. Belt testing is a prime example of this. There have been countless times when my body and mind were exhausted, and I was sure I was finished, but then I was told to put on my sparring gear, to start jogging around the mat again, or something else. Others pushed, encouraged, and motivated me in those situations, helping me realize what I could do. But being pushed by others has taught me to push myself past my limits on my own. It has taught me responsibility and discipline. When it's 9:30 at night, I've been training for multiple hours, and I have more rolls to do; there's no way for anyone else to make me train my hardest. There's only me to make myself keep moving and pushing the pace. When I have learned a new form and am expected to practice and maintain it, I have learned how to keep myself disciplined and practicing even when I'm tired or busy. This self-motivation is a powerful tool that I have honed through martial arts, and it has made me happier, more satisfied with my work, and prouder of myself. 

Maggie and her siblings!

By being encouraged by others to push myself and seeing the results, I have learned the importance of pushing myself and the satisfaction and progress it brings. I am so proud of who I am and the work I do when I finish it well, and I know that I gave it my best effort. And I can apply this skill not only in martial arts but in everyday life as well. When I have a paper that needs to be written or a project that needs to be completed, I have learned the importance of finishing well, even when I have no desire to. When any task is set before me, I have learned the benefit of pushing myself to finish well, even when exhausted.

Maggie with one of her instructors, Madelyn Fowler, after earning her Junior Black Belt at 12 years old.

Please don't hear me saying I'm perfect at this and can always push myself to the fullest in whatever I do. I fail over and over, I give up when I shouldn't, and sometimes I still need to finish better. However, training in martial arts has taught me how to do this and how it benefits me. I've learned the importance of doing hard things because they challenge me and allow me to practice pushing myself, and I'm trying to get better at this practice every day. It requires discipline to keep yourself working your hardest and giving your full effort; another skill martial arts has greatly improved for me. When I push myself, I'm happier, more satisfied with my work, and prouder of myself. Having people around me who push me to try my hardest and become the best version of myself is one of the best ways to remind me of this. Martial arts has taught me the benefit of discipline and challenging myself. It has given me the courage to try new and challenging things, such as public speaking or leadership roles, and constantly push myself to improve.

Maggie with her coaches after winning both her gi and no gi expert teens grappling divisions at 16 years old.

Something that comes hand in hand with learning to push myself is learning what I am capable of. Looking back at the end of a 9-hour belt test and realizing how much I accomplished and the knowledge I have was always one of the most rewarding feelings. By being pushed to my limits, I learned that my limits were far higher than I initially thought. I have learned that I can work hard and not stop just because I'm tired, something I have applied in countless ways outside of martial arts. I have learned that I can perform under pressure and maintain my calm even when everything is chaotic around me.

The 2024 FILKENJUTSU Black Belt Class

Of course, there are still times when I do lose my cool or give up and think I can't do it, but looking back at the things I've been through and accomplished gives me confidence that I am capable of hard things and that I will make it to the other side of whatever the current challenge is as a stronger person. I have applied this confidence in myself in countless ways. Every time something challenges me, I can look back at all the grueling belt tests, late-night training sessions, reps of 100 up-downs, or any other challenge I've overcome thanks to PMA and know that I can handle this one, too. This includes when others doubt me. As a 5 foot 2 inch tall teenage girl, I am constantly underestimated or doubted. My training has given me confidence that despite what others may think of me, I know what I am capable of. I know my worth and strength and don't depend on others to tell me that. This allows me to carry myself with confidence and composure, even in the face of doubt or criticism. 

Maggie with the other FILKENJUTSU Black Belts in her family.

The lessons that martial arts have taught me have shaped my life and made me who I am. Yes, martial arts is about learning how to fight, but it's so much more. It is becoming the best version of yourself, learning to be confident in who you are, learning to find peace amidst chaos, and learning your limits and striving to push them back. Learning to push myself and discover what I'm capable of has vastly changed my mindset and outlook in many situations. By practicing these skills in my training, I've realized the importance of doing hard things in every aspect of life, not just martial arts. Putting myself in challenging situations is one of the best ways I grow and improve. I have learned discipline and how to apply it in every area of my life. The ability to keep going when things get tough, to step up to a challenge and take command, and simply the confidence gained by going through hard things sets one apart, no matter what field they are applied to. No matter where I go in life or what I do, the foundation that PMA has given me will allow me to thrive. Training martial arts taught me the more I push and challenge myself, the more I trust myself and find that I'm more satisfied and proud of who I am. Thank you, PMA and SiFu David, for helping me grow into someone I'm proud to be.

Sempai Maggie and SiFu David

The Jiu Jitsu Game

This past weekend in our Jiu Jitsu competition training, I broke down the different directions that a match can go and what kinds of things you need to consider for each pathway. I thought I’d share it here to make it easier for anyone that wants help studying this at home and thinking about where you need to focus in your training.

Jiu Jitsu is a very complex game to play and approaching your training/matches with a plan can be really helpful, especially when entering a competition and hoping to increase your chances of winning! Enjoy!

Match Start - 4 Options

There are 4 main ways that a jiu jitsu match is going to start. It is best to be prepared for all 4! But also, go into the match with a plan for which pathway you would prefer the match take to get to the ground.

1. Takedown

• Plan your gi and no-gi game around stance, grip fighting, and your best takedowns, ideally in a cohesive system.

2. Takedown Defense and Counter-Attack

• Be ready to counter takedown attempts and capitalize on weaknesses in your opponent’s attack.

3. Pull Guard

• Plan what grips you’re trying to pull with, and what guards you might connect to. Have a clear system for sweeps, submissions, and retention.

4. Opponent Pulls Guard

• Train connecting guard passes together and reacting quickly when your opponent pulls guard.

Now, let’s break each of these 4 options down a little more. Option A is the ideal, option b is to help us prepare for when things don’t go as planned!

1. Takedown

1a. Your Takedown Worked (Top Position)

• Are you in guard? Break the connection and start passing.

• Already in a good passing position? Secure it and maintain control while passing.

1b. Takedown Fails

• Be ready to transition to takedown defense (Option 2) or react if your opponent pulls guard (Option 4).

• Alternatively, consider pulling guard yourself (Option 3) or reset your takedown strategy.

Tip: Don’t panic and stray to far from your gameplan just because it hasn’t worked yet. Your opponent hasn’t taken you down yet either, so keep looking for openings!

2. Takedown Defense and Counter-Attack

2a. Successful Defense and Counter-Attack

• Chain your attacks to your takedown defense. What submissions and positions are you transitioning to? Stay offensive.

Tip: Remember it’s often best to fully stop the takedown, and then transition into a good position to attack from. For example - sprawl to front headlock to the back is safer then attempting a guillotine in the middle of getting taken down. The guillotine could work but could also burn your arms and put you on bottom down by 2 points.

2b. You Got Taken Down

• Recover guard or work from your bottom game. Focus on sweeps or submissions from the bottom.

• Mindset Tip: Don’t feel like you’ve lost—reset, and stay active on the bottom.

Caution: While planning to just counter the takedowns and wait for your opponent to shoot or pull guard can be an effective way of getting to the top, avoid relying solely on this strategy, as it may appear passive and lead to stalling penalties, losing referee’s decisions, and overall not much happening in your matches means not much getting better either. Incorporate low-risk takedown attempts (snap downs, ankle picks, etc.) while awaiting your opponent’s next move.

3. Pulling Guard

3a. Successful Guard Pull

• You’ve got your grips and control. Focus on quick sweeps for points or go straight for a submission from the bottom.

Tip: Guard retention is key, but don’t stay defensive too long—make a connection to your opponent and attack!

3b. Opponent Broke Your Connection (Guard Retention)

• Switch to guard retention, regain control, and immediately get back to offense. Don’t stay in defensive mode too long.

3c. Guard Passed

• Don’t panic. Recover guard, then work toward sweeps or submissions from the bottom.

Tip: Remember jiu jitsu is a game unlike other sports and we have a move that wins the match at any time, no matter the score. You can be down 100-0 and win the match with a submission in the final seconds. There isn’t a move like that in other sports. Don’t panic! Stay focused on doing the next right thing.

4. Opponent Pulls Guard

4a. You Immediately Pass

• Pass during the guard pull, tighten up your top game and work toward a submission. Stay aggressive but not rushed and capitalize on your passing success.

4b. Opponent Successfully Pulled Guard

• Break his guard connection and begin passing. If already in a good passing position, maintain control and start working your pass.

* Submission Defense

• Your opponent caught a submission somewhere along the way, maybe even right from standing: stay calm and defend. Look to immediately connect to an offensive move or regain control once you’re safe.

Final Thoughts: It’s good to regularly analyze everything above to decide which areas you need to focus on in your training. During the offseason or early stages of a season, focus on your weakest links and try to start your matches with those areas every time so that they get stronger. As your next tournament draws closer, spend those final weeks mostly working your strongest game and fine tuning it for competition.

Was this useful for you? Share this with a training partner that might also find it helpful!

The Benefits of Martial Arts

*On April 14-16, 2023, 5 FILKENJUTSU students tested for their Black Belts! While they were preparing for their test, the candidates were asked to write a thesis paper. This is Austin Fox’s paper. Austin is 18, and has been training at PMA for 10 years!

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“I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but  I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times” Bruce Lee. 

I have trained in martial arts for almost ten years of my life, and while for some people, this is just a hobby or a form of exercise, for me, it is a way of life. I have trained since I was eight years old, and I am who I am today because of my training. I have gained skills in self-defense, combat sports, and other aspects of life, like how I carry myself and treat others. The actual karate skills I have gained are very valuable, but the relationships and mental state I have built are also essential parts of me. Over the last ten years, I have gained confidence, perseverance, and leadership skills from my training. All these things are valuable skills that have shaped me.

Austin (left) and his siblings after their first Belt Test in December of 2012.

The confidence I now have comes from my training. In many ways, martial arts showed me who I am and showed me a way to live my life. Mainly because I am sure I can protect myself and those around me from any physical threat, and I am not constantly scared or worried. Additionally, because of my training, I have had many conversations and discussions about why people get into physical altercations. One of the most significant factors that lead to fights, especially in male teenagers and adults, is ego or a sense of pride. Because I know who I am and what I am capable of due to my training, I do not feel like I have to prove myself in a fight. Whether the conflict is over honor, insults, or physical capability, all these things learned through martial arts have built me and my confidence.

Perseverance is a skill that relates back to the confidence that I have also gained through my training. Through martial arts, I have learned perseverance physically and in other places, from pushups to running to instructing a class full of loud children. All these experiences have shown me my ability to push through difficult things and reach my goals even when they seem impossible.  I have been able to overcome these things, and I can apply this for the rest of my life. This gives me confidence in my ability to take on or learn new things, even if they seem difficult. This perseverance can be applied to relationships or academic things like classes or projects throughout my life. However, without my martial arts training, I would never have gained the skill of persevering.

Austin on the third day of his Black Belt test, April 16 2023.

Over the last ten years, much of my training has been devoted to learning how to lead. In 2014 I joined our dojo’s leadership team. Since then, I have acquired much knowledge on how to lead others and what a good leader looks like. Things like commanding the respect of those following me and being fair. In March, I began instructor training to learn how to teach martial arts classes. While I am specifically learning to teach martial arts, all the teaching techniques and methods can be applied to any topic. The skills I have learned in a leadership class and in my instructor training can be applied to other aspects of life, from self-defense to academic classes.

A common theme through all these things lies in their application. I mentioned briefly how all these skills are helpful for combat, self-defense, and everyday life. The benefits of confidence in everyday life stretch from school to family matters. In a situation where you must display yourself or some of your work, confidence is key from applying to college to presenting a project. In any situation like this, confidence in one's self or one's abilities could be a deciding factor.

Next is perseverance. From physical exercise to getting your dream job, perseverance can set you apart from others. If a person is able to keep going and push through, they can be the one who stands out or the one who archives their goal.

Finally, the skills of a leader. Leadership skills can be valuable personally and professionally. In any sense, the ability to take charge of a situation, guide others, or even bring people together comes from learning to be a skilled leader. Martial arts, when applied effectively, is not just an extracurricular activity but a way to live that will be infinitely useful.

Austin at one of his belt tests in July, 2014.

Since I was eight years old, I have spent many hours a week learning a variety of skills through my martial arts training. I am who I am today because of my training. I have gained self-confidence, which helps me know who I am. My ability to persevere and push through mentally and physically difficult things is because of the many years I have spent in martial arts. Finally, I have learned how to lead and teach through my training. Over the last ten years, I have learned all these skills through martial arts, and while the combat skills are valuable, I have also learned other indispensable talents.

Austin (left) after receiving his Black Belt on April 16, 2023.

Ohana

*On April 14-16, 2023, 5 FILKENJUTSU Students tested for their Black Belts! While they were preparing for their test, the candidates were asked to write a thesis paper. This is Kat Hall’s paper.

“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” -African Proverb

I started training martial arts over five years ago, as a 53 year old woman whose fitness level was not great. Martial arts might seem like an unusual choice at that age. Someone recently asked me why I started training, and what has kept me training.

Kat receiving her Green Belt.

There are innumerable reasons why martial arts training is a great endeavor at any age; some are overt, such as “learning self-defense and how to survive an attack.” Others may be surprising, like “increased strength, flexibility, stamina, focus, self-confidence, and mental stimulation, as well as reduced stress”  (Corrigan, David). In his blog post on September 20, 2017, SiJo Bruce Corrigan describes some steps in his “Corrigan Master Plan” to defeat his greatest enemy- the aging process- the last step of which is to “make martial arts fit in your life, and use your training to enhance everything else you do” (Corrigan, Bruce).  Naturally, I find all of these potential advantages of training compelling, particularly the latter, but none were the reason that I finally got on the mat.

Bruce Lee wrote, “I learn martial arts because I find it is like a mirror in which to reflect myself. I personally believe that all types of knowledge- I don’t care what it is- ultimately means self-knowledge” (Little 122). He found martial arts to be an activity that provided a means to physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual self-knowledge, and a means to get in touch with “the warrior within,” or the true self. (Little 122).

Lee’s Jeet Kune Do student, Dan Inosanto, said, “The goal of the martial arts is not for the destruction of an opponent, but rather for self-growth and self-perfection” (“Dan Inosanto”). These two venerated martial artists believed that martial arts training has the power to help one achieve self-actualization, which is reason enough to train! However, I was not familiar with the writings of Bruce Lee or Dan Inosanto before I started training; that knowledge came later.

Kat, Sempai b, and Sigung Meg.

Although there are myriad personal benefits to training martial arts, the emphasis on self-improvement and self-actualization does not mean that martial arts is a solo endeavor. In fact, it is quite the opposite, and it is this aspect of training that ultimately brought me into the martial arts.

My husband and daughter, Gary and Gracie, had been training at Progressive Martial Arts Academy for several years prior to my start date, sharing challenging experiences as father-daughter, and growing closer as part of a caring community. I had been tempted to begin training for a while, but was afraid I would not measure up. I’d been a strong, fit person in my earlier years as a military officer, and was ashamed by my poor physical fitness. However, as I listened from the sidelines to stories of camaraderie, and saw their mutual support and pride, I felt that I wanted to be a part of it.

Kat with her husband, son, and daughter after she received her Black Belt on April 16, 2023.

I was fortunate to attend the public demonstration on the third and final day of the black belt test in December 2017, when Sempai Brittany Corrigan and Sempai Kristie Fox earned their black belts. As had been the case at the demonstrations for Gracie’s and Gary’s black belt tests, I was feeling inspired by the ceremony and the clear display of camaraderie from the new black belts, who had survived this trial together.

In casual conversation with SiGung Meg Corrigan, I mentioned that I was considering braving it and trying an introductory lesson at SiJo Bruce’s martial arts club in Knoxville so that I could start training “under the radar,” as I was still embarrassed about my lack of fitness. SiGung Meg did not know me very well, and could very easily have offered encouragement and then moved on. Instead, she immediately stated that she would love to train with me, and the next week I had my introductory lesson with my new SiFu, Bruce Corrigan, and gained a new training partner, Meg Corrigan. I also gained two good friends.

Bruce Lee wrote that “...Martial Arts is ultimately an athletic expression of the dynamic human body. More important yet is the person who is there expressing his own soul…And it is not a question of winning or losing, but it is a question of being what is at that moment and being wholeheartedly involved with that particular moment and doing one’s best” (Lee 224). When I step onto the mat with my teacher, I am not there for just my own improvement in skill.

Kat, Sifu David. and some of the leadership team at PMA Summer Camp.

I try to bring my best to each moment to honor my teacher for the time and knowledge that he shares with me, and my teacher brings his best to that moment and honors his student by passing along his skill and wisdom. As teacher and student of the martial arts, we are both, as Bruce Lee described above, “expressing our souls.” Further, every martial arts student has a teacher, who also has a teacher, and so on. “This endless circle of student and master gives both the teacher and the taught the feeling of being part of a continuum of learning” (Hyams 40). 

Almost 5 ½ years after that first lesson, martial arts has profoundly changed my life. I was inspired to change careers when an opportunity arose to work at PMA, so I have the privilege of working in a positive environment for an encouraging boss, SiFu David Corrigan, a dedicated and caring instructor to his students, and the inheritor of the martial arts system founded by his father, SiJo Bruce.

I get to know the students at PMA in my role as student director, and watch them thrive, while continuing my own training with SiJo Bruce. I’ve experienced many of the benefits of martial arts discussed by SiFu David and SiJo Bruce, such as better fitness and strength, learning self-defense, being mentally and physically challenged, and fighting the aging process the best I can. (I’m still a work in progress as far as Bruce Lee’s emphasis on self-actualization!) I have been selected as a black belt candidate and have grown so much through my training and friendship with my fellow candidates.  

Kat dressed up as Frosty the Snowman during Spirit Week at PMA.

The answer to the question of why I started training ultimately comes down to being inspired by other martial artists– my husband and daughter who trained together and created a special bond through that experience, the strong women who tested that day in December of 2017, SiJo Bruce, who lit the fire at my first lesson with the pop of a boxing glove on a pad, and my friend, Meg, who held out her hand, invited me to start my journey, and walked the path with me to show me the way.

Kat and her family, training partners, and friends helping to set up PMA’s new location in February of 2023.

And why am I still training? Fitness, self-defense, balance, focus, mental challenge, fighting the aging process? Yes, of course all of those benefits are great reasons to keep training. But what really gets me back on the mat multiple times a week, even when I’m tired or sore? The same reason that I started- Martial artists are warriors, but they are also friends, a support system, a source of motivation and inspiration on good days and bad. I want to be a part of this martial arts family  and I want to be one of them, so I get on the mat and follow the path of those who came before me and help to guide the way for those who come after me. Even Bruce Lee acknowledges: “Life is a constant process of relating. Man is living in a relationship, and in relationships we grow” (Little 61). 

Kat and the fellow FILKENJUTSU students she tested for Black Belt with.

There is power in sharing a journey of lifelong learning with my SiFu, my husband and my daughter, my training partners and friends, and the other teachers and students of the Filkenjutsu-Kai family. We help one another continue to grow, we offer a hand to our colleagues when they struggle, and we would unequivocally wield those same hands in their defense should ever the need arise. 

Kat receiving her Black Belt on April 16, 2023.

“The practice of a martial art should be a practice of love - for the preservation of life, for the preservation of body, and for the preservation of family and friends.” -Dan Inosanto

Black Belt Poem 

by Jack Tuberville

The white belt learns to kick and punch

And take another down.

He trains in use of stick and knife

And grapples on the ground.

The Black Belt still has much to learn,

But nothing left to prove.

All fear he’s long since put aside;

He walks in different shoes,

He lives to serve both kith and kin,

And keep this pledge held true:

-In time of trouble

If you call

I will stand by you.

Martial Arts and Violence

*On April 14-16, 2023, 5 FILKENJUTSU students tested for their Black Belts! While they were preparing for their test, the candidates were asked to write a thesis paper. This is Connor Melton’s paper. Connor is 18, and has been training at PMA for 9 years!

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Beneath the strikes and blows of the martial arts lies a rich tapestry of tradition, history, philosophy, and character. Years of training and conditioning teach discipline, humility, and control over one’s emotions. Skills are built on hard work, respect, and receptiveness. Students learn to fall and get back up, leave their ego at the door, and maintain self-control. A martial artist strives to continually develop these traits within themselves, but this all happens behind the scenes. A passing familiarity with the martial arts is often not enough to appreciate these foundational conditions. So, some have wrongly attributed the martial arts to violence and aggression. As their popularity grows, so too does the misconception. The record must be set straight. To understand and combat this fallacy, we must first look at its conception.  

Connor (front right) and some friends after a Jiu Jitsu Tournament in 2018.

In the early 6th century, the legendary Bodhidharma travelled thousands of miles to China to spread his teachings on meditation, mindfulness, and the pursuit of enlightenment. He was a Buddhist monk from India and the founder of Chan Buddhism (later known in Japan as Zen Buddhism.) It is said that when he arrived at the Song Mountain range, home of the Shaolin Temple, he noticed the frail condition of the monks and trained them in techniques that “strengthened their bodies and allowed them to withstand the rigors of their isolated existence and the demands of a concentrated meditation program.” These techniques are said to have laid the foundation for Shaolin Kung Fu centuries later. It would provide the monks with the tools they needed to hone their minds and bodies and stay in shape.

Resources are scarce, but our earliest concrete evidence of regular training at the Shaolin temple dates back to the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644). But, historical records indicate that monks were involved in battles and military conflicts dating all the way back to the early Tang dynasty in the 7th century. Central to their combat was the bow staff, and Shaolin monks became renowned for their skills with the weapon, garnering the attention of military experts all over China. Their martial skills were used to combat robbers and criminals in the larger Henan region, especially as it descended into lawlessness after a disastrous famine in 1593-94. 

Despite these reasons, some began feeling uncertain about the martial training of the monks. How could monks justify their Buddhist faith, which prohibited killing, with their history of marital arts and battle? So, “By the sixteenth century at the latest, Shaolin monks sought to justify their staff-practice by attributing it to a Buddhist deity named Jinnaluo.” According to their legend, Jinnaluo repelled a bandit invasion with a divine staff and was appointed by the Shaolin monks as qielan shen, or guardian spirit—training in the divine arts of the staff from then on. This legend helped justify the monks’ martial arts training religiously to a predominately Buddhist China. Most importantly, they emphasized that their training was used in self-defense and in protection of the Henan region, Buddhism, and their monasteries—not out of violence, aggression, or anger but as an act of “compassion.”

Connor (far left) and some of his training partners in 2017.

As centuries passed, the martial arts continued to spread out of monasteries and develop throughout Asia. The 20th century, in particular, saw drastic change in the martial arts. As Judo and Jiu-jitsu developed in Japan, Mitsuyo Maeda brought them to Brazil, teaching the Gracie family. After years of study and innovation, Carlos and Hélio Gracie formulated Gracie Brazilian Jiu-jitsu. In 1993, Rorion Gracie co-founded the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Royce Gracie competed, dominated, and won in the first ever UFC event. The early days of the UFC juxtaposed the “gentle art” of Brazilian Jiu-jitsu with a violent image of the martial arts, which in the end did little to combat the misconception. Despite the present-day UFC being regulated, sanctioned, and organized, it is still quite violent.

These perceptions of violence do not do the martial arts justice. The martial arts discourages violence by developing humility, respect, self-confidence, and self-control. I will use Kenpo as an example. When Grand Master James Mitose brought Kenpo from Japan to Hawaii, he brought not only the strikes but also the philosophy and mindset of the martial artist. In his book, What is Self Defense, Mitose explains that “The innermost and true spirit of Kenpo lies in humility and selfrestraint. It is tremendously effective in the building of character. Its misuse is strongly discouraged.” The Kenpo practitioner must learn humility, respect, and self-control to ensure their skills are used only in defense of themselves or another. Otherwise, Kenpo techniques may be misused or abused. Similar philosophies can be found in other styles as well.

Connor (right) and his sibling after earning their brown belts in 2018.

Humility is one reason why the well-trained martial artist rejects violence. Students learn to temper their egos and control themselves each time they salute one another before and after a match, regardless of the outcome. They learn to take care of their partners and not explode in anger while sparring, even when it’s frustrating or uncomfortable. Forms and regimentation train the mind in discipline and focus just as much as in power or endurance. On the street, in a bar, or elsewhere, these skills are crucial to preventing a violent altercation if at all possible.

Another reason is respect, foundational to Kenpo and other martial arts. Kenpo students learn to respect themselves, their instructors, and their training partners, regardless of their rank. Students also learn to respect their dojo, their mat, their equipment, and their belt. That respect translates into their day-to-day life and encourages respect for all people on and off the mat. 

The martial arts also develops self-confidence, which can make people less appealing as targets for bullying or violent crime. Thus, they are less likely to have to resort to violence to protect themselves. In addition, when the Kenpo practitioner gains the ability to protect themselves or their loved ones, they gain peace of mind. In a tense situation, the ability to remain calm, assess, and deescalate could, again, subvert a violent altercation all together. 

Connor (right) on the third day of his Black Belt Test on April 16, 2023.

From the outside looking in, one may see a martial artist throwing strikes to the throat, groin, eyes, or neck and conclude that martial arts are aggressive or violent. But this is far from the truth. Techniques are brutal out of necessity. There are no rules on the street, and when defending yourself you may have to use whatever tools you can to survive, especially when at a disadvantage in size or strength. What’s important is that Kenpo and other martial arts develop humility, respect, and self-control, all of which are skills and traits needed to avoid conflict or deescalated a tense situation.

A true martial artist learns how to kick and punch in order to never have to truly kick or punch. They learn skills they hope to never have to use, but are ready to at a moment’s notice. This was true at the Shaolin temple and has remained true to this day. Although it’s difficult to grasp and seemingly contradictory for the non-martial artist, it’s a philosophy that rejects violence. That’s true Go Shinjutsu. Those students go out into the world and use what they learn—humility, respect, and self-confidence—to make the world a better place.

Connor after receiving his Black Belt on April 16, 2023.

Be Water, My Friend

*On April 14-16, 2023, 5 FILKENJUTSU Students tested for their Black Belts! While they were preparing for their test, the candidates were asked to write a thesis paper. This is Eli Fox’s paper. Eli is 18, and has been training at PMA for 10 years!

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"Be Water, my Friend. Empty your mind. Be formless, shapeless, like water. You put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle, it becomes the bottle. You put it into a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend." -Brue Lee. 

This is one of my favorite martial arts quotes. It embodies the mindset and skills that every martial artist should have. I have been training at a small martial arts school called Progressive Martial Arts (PMA) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for over half my life. It has taught me how to fight and defend myself and others and many life skills, including mental endurance, leadership, and self-discipline. My martial arts training has helped me live a healthy, active lifestyle and see the value in exercise, discipline, friendships, and a strong community.

Eli (far right) and his siblings after their first belt test in December of 2012

I have trained Kenpo-Karate for ten years and Jiu-jitsu for seven. Kenpo-Karate has taught me how to throw punches and kicks and when to use them. My training emphasizes that someone should never fight out of anger but only when themselves or another is in danger. Skills like self-control, patience, and clear thinking are required to do this. These are some of the core values at PMA. Jiu-jitsu is the art of grappling or fighting on the ground. I trained on the competition team, where we competed and used Jiu-jitsu in a sport setting. I have also been a part of the leadership team for eight years. My Martial arts training has shaped me into who I am; through it, I have gained many valuable life skills, including perseverance, self-discipline, and leadership proficiency. 

One of the first and most impactful talents I learned through my training was perseverance. Perseverance is the mental strength to push oneself beyond their physical limits. The ability to keep your composure and focus through extreme psychological and physical pressure. My martial arts training has moved me well beyond these points more times than I can count, but it has also taught me how to handle these extremes.

Eli (top) on the third day of his Black Belt Test.

This can be connected to Bruce Lee's statement about water, one of my favorite martial arts quotes. When something gets physically or mentally difficult, adapting and flowing with the situation is often more effective than fighting strength with strength. "Be formless, shapeless like water," Lee claims that being ready to change and adapt is a critical skill for any martial artist. Now, this does not mean being submissive or never taking a stand.

"Water can flow, or it can crash." Sometimes it becomes necessary to crash and attack the difficult thing head-on. Perseverance is vital in both situations. To be able to flow and adapt, one must be able to stay calm and think clearly in any case, no matter the pressure. This clear thinking must be remembered when it is time to crash or mistakes are bound to happen. This idea of being able to keep a clear head and keep control of my stress has been of unfathomable use not only in my training but in day-to-day life as well.

Eli (black gi) competing in a Jiu Jitsu Tournament in April of 2023

Another skill I have developed from my training is self-discipline. Self-discipline is the ability to hold yourself accountable for your own actions, as well as the ability to continue a difficult task even when no one else is watching. This tool is valuable in a work environment, learning, and exercise. Self-discipline is essential to the idea of being like water. "Water can flow, or it can crash." Being able to apply this idea requires not only perseverance but self-discipline.

Martial artists should be able to stay calm under pressure and control themselves. Self-discipline is being aware of the consequences of your choices and actions. Before someone decides to flow or crash, they should know the outcomes of both acts. Both perseverance and self-discipline are mental muscles developed and improved by practice. My training has provided a healthy environment to learn about and improve these practices. 

Since the beginning, much of my training has been devoted to learning how to lead. In 2014 I was invited to join my dojo's leadership team. This class taught me much about how to lead others and what a good leader looks like. I have learned that giving respect is as vital as commanding it and that patience and trust are just a few of the critical qualities of a good leader.

In March of 2022, I began instructor training to learn how to teach martial arts classes. Although I am learning to lead a martial arts class, most, if not all, teaching techniques can be applied to everyday activities. The skills I have learned in a leadership class and my instructor training can be used in other life aspects. While the ability to lead is not mentioned explicitly in Bruce Lee's quote, it is a priceless skill that can be used and improve every corner of life. An efficient and respected leader can help grow perseverance, self-control, and discipline. One of the best ways to improve at anything is by teaching. This is one of my favorite skills I have learned during my training. It has given me the confidence and skills to combat whatever life throws me.  

My life has been drastically changed and improved through my martial arts training. I would not be the person I am today without it. Not only did I find a supportive, loving community but also a place where I could grow in strength and wisdom and build essential character traits. I gained many life skills through my years of training, including perseverance, self-discipline, and leadership abilities. These skills and the community in which I have learned them are some of the most valuable things in my life. I will never be fully able to explain the effect or value of my training.

Eli (far right) and his brother after receiving their Black Belts on April 16, 2023.

Practicing Martial Arts

*On July 23-25, 2021, 10 FILKENJUTSU students tested for their Black Belts. During their preparation for the test, the candidates were asked to write a thesis paper. This is Darrel Craig’s paper. Darrel has been training at PMA for almost 9 years!

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In martial arts, as with many other forms of learning there are five key steps in the learning process. These steps are Learn, Practice, Master, Functionalize, and Maintain.  

Darrel and some of his training partners and instructors after a PMA Fall Hike.

Learning, the classroom instruction we receive at PMA, is the initial introduction to the mechanics of martial arts through combinations, kenpos, forms, and other exercises. Learning often is focused on seeing and walking through an example, and taking notes so you can remember what you’ve learned. This exercise forms the foundation on which we continue to build in the subsequent steps. Taking proper notes is a major key to your success through the martial arts journey.

Practice, the second step in the process, is the act of building on what you learn. This is often executed by reviewing your notes and executing the steps until you are comfortable with the movements. Depending on the subject matter the practice phase can take days, month, or years to complete. Short term practice is focused on simply executing the steps learned during class. Longer term practice is focused on functionalization, mastery, and maintenance of those movements.

Functionalization of our learnings is the application of the form or movement in action. This is the point in our art where we execute what we have learned and practice in real life situations. During this phase, sparring becomes a crucial part of training (1). In addition to sparring, demonstrations of forms and other movements in coordination with other students is also important. During this phase, feedback from the instructor or fellow students will help you strengthen each technique.

Mastery through repetition, practice, feedback, and adjustments is the point at which a form or movement is permanently embedded in our brains. Mushin is the perfect application of a mastered skill, meaning that the skill can be recalled and executed without forethought or planning. In simple words, it happens “naturally”.

Maintenance is the continual practice of a mastered process, activity, or movement. In order to keep your skills fresh and to continually improve, it is of utmost importance to continually practice the skills we’ve learned.

Darrel working with some of our Lil Dragons at a Belt Test.

Learning the skills of the Filkenjutsu martial art require instruction which is delivered by the instructors at PMA at the dojo. These instructors have years of devotion and practice to move toward mastery. “A true martial arts master is someone who continually practices their art with devotion and passion. The instructor’s role, in the beginning, is to act a as a guide as the student embarks on the journey through the martial arts. A successful teacher helps their students become better martial artists.” (2). However, even with the best of instructors and excellent instruction, the student must continually practice their skills in order to succeed on their journey. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the activities related to practicing our skills.

Practice Overview

Ed Parker defines practice as the engagement in “frequent workouts so that the increased number of repetitions proportionately adds to one’s proficiency”. (3) As we practice, our skill level and level of comfort with each form increases. 

Practice makes perfect. Well, maybe not. SiFu David reminds us that only PERFECT practice makes perfect. As we learn a skill it’s important that we take accurate notes and practice the newly learned skill as quickly and often as possible. Many times, we’ll return to the dojo only to learn that we missed a detail or didn’t correctly record the steps in our notes. As we receive feedback from our instructors, we update our notes and modify our movements. Properly recording and learning from the feedback we receive from our instructors is a big step in the direction of mastery.   

Darrel receiving a stripe on his Brown Belt.

Practice outside of the dojo is a key to the learning process and is essential to your success as a martial artist. Key components of successfully practicing outside the dojo are scheduling, notes, amount of practice, your martial arts studio, types of practice, and quality.

The amount of practice is up to you. Depending on your schedule and life activities you may have more or less time to practice. On average I’m able to work in around 2-4 hours of practice a week outside the dojo. Bruce Lee, during the peak of his career, included in several of his letters that he was able to practice two to two- and one-half hours per day. (4)   

Schedule

Scheduling practice can often be the biggest challenge. With busy work and family schedules it’s difficult to set aside time for practice. Also, burnout due to our busy lives is very common. Many times I’ve dragged myself to class or started practice when life and work have exhausted me. When this happens, I’m generally not excited to show up to the dojo or start practice.  However, the feeling of accomplishment at the end of the session, and getting my mind off the things that are wearing me down ALWAYS outweighs the stress of starting the workout when I don’t feel up to it.  

You should approach martial arts practice with excitement, as this is something that is yours and yours only. It’s a gift to yourself. Burnout can steal that gift from you. If you really are burnt out, “if you feel the excitement waning (and you can tell this easily by how you approach the day your scheduled to do your favorite practice), take some time off” (5). It is also a good idea to discuss with your instructor. Through my training, I’ve had several cycles of burnout due to busy schedules and other stressors. I still train, and always feel better after training, but have also skipped a few classes just to get a break. If you take a break, promise yourself you’ll hit the next class or practice even harder. And keep that promise. You’ll be glad you did! 

Schedule specific days of workouts and practice during your week. We generally attend class at PMA twice per week. In addition to those classes, I try to schedule three more days each week of practice and/or exercise. I always plan one night per week of no practice or exercise. This has greatly helped me reduce burnout. Even on tough weeks, I know there is one day each week when I can decompress and relax. You can always use this day off for an extra session if you are having a good week and have the energy.  

A sample of my planned workout schedule is below. I use this as a guideline for my workouts.  Some days I am able to do more. Some days I do less or not at all. If there’s something from class I need to work on, I revise my training schedule so that I can accommodate that need.  If not, I don’t have to think about what I’m working on as it’s already in my plan.

*During the period when we attended class from home due to the Coronavirus, I often performed my weight workouts after attending class from home.  

Plan your practice days ahead of time. Before you start your workout, you should know what you are going to practice (kenpos, combos, forms, chest and back, shoulders and arms, etc.).   Solidifying your plans will make starting the workout easier. When you are practicing your martial arts, bring your notes from class. Your notes are a living document. In order to achieve mastery, your notes most constantly be studied and updated.

Notes

Note taking is perhaps the most important step in practice. If you don’t record accurate notes, it will be hard to properly learn and practice your techniques at home.  In class I record notes in my notebook. When I get home I enter those notes into a spreadsheet so that I can quickly organize and find specific items I need to study. A sample of my high level spreadsheet catalog is below.

Each of the above items is linked to the detailed notes in a separate tab of the spreadsheet.  This makes it easy to review the overall list of items I have learned and recorded, and I can quickly drill down to the detail notes. I find that this is much easier to do than to try to locate the individual notes in my notebooks. An example of my detail notes is below:

Your Personal Martial Arts Studio 

Where you practice is a multifaceted topic. Depending on your logistical situation, you may need to be flexible in where you train. As a traveling consultant, I’ve practiced martial arts in many hotel gyms, in a Memphis park with the Mississippi river in the background, and behind a small lake next to the Saint Louis Arch. I’ve studied notes and rehearsed moves in my mind while flying from home to my project in another state. All of this is possible because our learning content is in our notes and in our minds, so it’s very portable! 

At home, you should attempt to make a permanent location for your martial arts practice. This can be a spare room, a favorite spot in the yard, or a roll up mat in your garage (I’ve used them all). If possible, prepare this room so that it is ready for you whenever you decide to work out.  The ten minutes you save by not having to set up your workout area may be the convincing factor as to whether you work out or not.  

Darrel’s home dojo.

As part of your permanent location to work out, you should start adding components that you find at the PMA dojo. Basic weights, practice equipment (bags and dummies), and a martial arts library (see Sempai Monty’s article on your martial arts library on the PMA blog) are all key items to have in your home studio. Many of these items can be found slightly used for a small price. Most of the items in my personal studio were bought on Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, or the local used bookstore over a number of years.  

Types of practice

As mentioned previously, one of the benefits of martial arts practice is you can do it anywhere.  The forms of practice I experience most are as follow:

Kata – Webster’s Dictionary defines kata as “a set combination of positions and movements performed as an exercise. We can perform kata anywhere.  All we need is space, notes, and our memory.  

Darrel practicing with one of his training partners, Eric.

Physical fitness practice is the use of weights and other devices to increase strength and mobility. At home, a simple set of weights and a pull up bar or some exercise bands is perfect for a general workout. Elastic bands or TRX Suspension Training Systems are very portable and can be taken on the road if you travel. 

Mental practice is the form of practice we do in our minds. Rehearsing and performing moves over and over in our minds are a key form of mental practice. As you rehearse the moves in your mind, be sure to visualize your opponent. Visualization of your opponent is a key factor in practicing alone.

Practice in execution, or performing motions in everyday life, is probably the most important form of practice. As we go day to day activities, we use situational awareness as a form of practice in execution. I remember early in my martial arts training (OK, it is still early), I was walking in a not too safe location in downtown Chicago. As I walked through a pedestrian tunnel, it occurred to me that I should maintain at least two arms length of distance between me and another person coming through the tunnel. This was the first time I realized the practicality of my martial arts training in everyday life.

Quality of practice

As you practice, make sure the quality of your practice is a central focus. Initially, our practice is focused on memorizing the move or form. As we move toward mastery, our focus should be on understanding the purpose of each individual movement and action.

Darrel and a few of the students he tested with after receiving their Black Belts on July 25, 2021. From right to left, Christine Traigis, Miles Jackson, Darrel Craig, and Eric Ridenour

Simply rushing through the movements is not perfect practice. Throughout the first few years of my training, crispness in execution has been a challenge (it still is). This was due to the fact that I was focusing on the whole form – and getting through it, and not the purpose for each individual movement. To achieve perfection, you MUST focus on each individual movement and apply that to real life situations. Though I’ve been told this dozens of times, it took until recently for me to realize exactly what this meant.

As Bruce Lee stated, “If you are going to train without the concept that you are actually hitting your adversary, you are short changing yourself. When you kick or punch the bag, you have to imagine that you are actually hitting an adversary. Really concentrating, putting 100 percent in your kicks and punches, is the only way you are going to be good” (6). To achieve perfection, you must take the time to visualize each kick, punch, block, and turn within your forms into a real-life example. When you block, visualize a strike coming at you. When you punch, visualize a target. When you turn, visualize an opponent in the direction you are turning. 

Remember – PERFECT practice makes perfect!

Sempai Darrel receiving his Black Belt on July 25 ,2021.

Look How Far He Has Come

Several years ago we began training a young boy who was in 3rd grade and suffering from seizures. His name is Alex Norman and last year he tested for his Junior Black Belt! His Mom, Cheryl, wanted to share with everyone how far Alex has come and wrote the following story. Congratulations Alex, and thanks for sharing, Cheryl!

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We want everyone to know how far Alex has come while at PMA.  Several years ago at the age of 7, Alex was using a walker and was close to using a wheelchair.  He had to have physical therapy with occupational therapy due to damage from extensive seizures.  His balance was off, he was slow to do any task, he was weak, and uncoordinated.  Even with all of his issues we decided to put him into karate anyway and chose PMA. 

Alex and his Dad at a Star Wars Movie Night at PMA.

This was the best choice we have made for him to date.  Not only putting him in karate, but choosing PMA.  Alex had just begun his third grade year in elementary school, but had missed his whole second half of the second grade in which he was homebound. The year he started karate he had been in and out of hospitals for 13 months and had been in 4 different hospitals, three across the state and the fourth was The Cleveland Clinic in Ohio.  We watched as Alex’s seizures continued and we were worried about a normal life for him.  He missed alot of his karate classes at first due to the seizures and hospitalizations, but we continued with them and strived for him to be as normal as possible. 

Alex playing a game of Flag Grab at PMA.

Alex loved karate, PMA, the instructors (his favorite at the time was Sempai Madelyn), and his new friends in his karate class.  This also gave him something to look forward to twice a week.  His balance was the first to improve and his memory was getting better with the repetition of the forms.  We also knew that the exercises would be great for his strengthening and endurance.

Alex and some of his friends and training partners at PMA.

Over the years we have watched as his forms and techniques have gotten better, faster, coordinated, and he became stronger.  A large part of his recovery is due to his training at PMA and his doctors are amazed!  The instructors knew his limitations and when to push him.  Alex has always been treated as equally as the other children with no discrimination.  It now has been almost 7 ½ years since Alex’s last seizure, he has not been on any seizure medication for over a year and a half, and is definitely a normal teenager.  His memory and speed are still slow at times in class, but he can catch up quickly.

Alex taking his Junior Black Belt last year.

At this time Alex is now in the Adult Class and has just earned his Junior Black Belt.  This is such a great accomplishment for anyone, especially for Alex, knowing where he started out.  PMA teaches the students to be humble, but as a parent of a former special needs child I will boast of our pride!  We are proud of Alex’s determination, thank God for his resilience and healing, and thank PMA for their help in this process. Remembering where he was, what he went through, and where he is now is nothing short of a miracle.  Thank you, PMA!

Alex performing one of his Forms.

Alex and his instructor, SiFu David, after receiving his Junior Black Belt.

The Heart of the City

Wow. I can’t believe the new school is right here in the heart of the city. When I started training at PMA over 16 years ago, it was tucked away in a small corner off Emory Valley hunkered down in the shadow of a Food Lion that doesn’t exist anymore.

That’s me at 17 years old at the old PMA Emory Valley location in 2007!

I was a teenager then, and it never occurred to me that my martial arts school might move — as if businesses stayed in one place forever; never growing or expanding or updating. I knew already that life, by definition, was impermanent, but my world view wasn’t all that big yet, and so in my mind, my dojo would be in its small corner forever. But look at it now.

The official Ribbon Cutting at our new location on Oak Ridge Turnpike last Friday!

PMA has been a part of Oak Ridge for nearly 20 years, and it’s so fitting that a place that has brought so much joy and character, so much enthusiasm and heart to this community will now be at its center. PMA works not only to improve peoples’ lives by providing quality martial arts training in a fun, safe, and welcoming way, but to be an asset to the community by providing free training opportunities to the public - like Bully Buster programs and Women’s Self-Defense seminars, by participating in school programs and community events like National Night Out, and by helping our youngest community members develop character and confidence so that they too will be an asset to this city we love so much.

Some of PMA’s Juniors and their instructors!

PMA may have started out in a small corner of our town, but it’s influence has reached into every corner of Oak Ridge. I know it has impacted my life in profound ways and, though I’ve grown quite a bit since I started as that teenager all those years ago, I’m still here in this small but wonderful city, just like PMA. And I’m so grateful that PMA has made my small corner of this world big by pushing me to be the best version of myself, by instilling me with confidence, by teaching me drive and perseverance, and by providing friendships that are encouraging, supportive, and wonderful. It has given me relationships and skills that have been life changing. PMA has made my world bigger and better and brighter. PMA makes this already great city feel bigger and better and brighter by sharing its passion and dedication and knowledge with us, and I’m so glad that it gets to keep doing that, here and now, in this bigger and better and brighter location right in the beating heart of Oak Ridge.